High performance liquid chromatography coupled with on-line electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS/MS) was used to identify C21 steroidal glycosides in the roots of Cynanchum atratum.

The structures of C21 steroidal glycosides were deduced from mass fragments features in positive and negative mode. The constituents of C. atratum were separated and detected. 7 compounds were identified by comparing their ESI-MS/MS data with the reference compounds and 2 compounds were inferred solely by the ESI-MS/MS data.

The method is sensitive, and provides good separation and rapid qualitative characterization of C21 steroidal glycosides in the roots of C. atratum


"Study on C21 steroidal glycosides of Cynanchum atratum by LC-MS"
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2009 Jan; 34(2): 186-8Zhao X, Bai H, Liu Y, Li W, Wang Y, Liu A, Koike K

Homeopathy. 2008 Oct; 97(4): 185-9Pinto S, Rao AV, Rao AOBJECTIVE: This study attempts to evaluate the status of oxidative stress in osteoarthritis (OA), by measuring some parameters of oxidant stress and antioxidant defenses in blood, before and after homeopathy treatment, and to asses the role, if any, of homeopathic treatment in modulating free radical toxicity in OA. METHODS: Erythrocyte lipid peroxidation (LP), erythrocyte antioxidants viz., glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CT) and plasma antioxidants viz., ceruloplasmin, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), vitamin C, total antioxidant activity (AOA) were determined in eighty one patients with OA and fifty three normals. Forty seven patients, who were treated with homeopathic remedies were considered for the follow-up studies. LOCATION: Father Muller Homeopathic Hospital, Mangalore, South Karnataka, India. RESULTS: Erythrocyte LP (0 hour, p